Prague (population 2023: 1,384,732) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. It is located in the center of the urban area on the Vltava River. The first Prague Castle was probably built in the 9th century. In the 10th/11th century, immigrant Jews lived alongside the local population in what were initially two neighboring castle settlements. At the beginning of the 1230s, Prague was granted city rights, followed by Malá Strana in 1257, Hradčany as a castle town in 1320 and the New Town of Prague (Nové Město) in 1348. From the very beginning, Prague was the residence of the Bohemian rulers, at the latest from the 12th century within the borders of the Holy Roman Empire. As the seat of the emperor in the 14th century, Prague developed into one of the most important centers of the entire empire, and the first university in Central Europe was founded here in 1348. In 1784, the four cities were formally united. Gradually, especially in 1920 and after the founding of Czechoslovakia in 1918, further towns were incorporated. Between 1938 and 1945, Prague became the capital of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, which was dependent on the German Reich. After the Allies broke up the Reich in 1945, Prague was once again the capital of - now socialist - Czechoslovakia until 1992. After the collapse of Czechoslovakia, Prague remained the capital of the Czech Republic and one of the most culturally, economically and politically important cities in Central Europe.
Bohemia is a historical landscape in present-day Czech Republic. Together with Moravia and the Czech part of Silesia, the landscape forms the present territory of the Czech Republic. Nowadays, almost 6.5 million people live in the region. The capital of Bohemia is Prague.
Moravia is one of the three historical landscapes of the Czech Republic. Together with Bohemia and Czech Silesia, Moravia constitutes the state territory of the Czech Republic. Moravia is located in the southeast of the country and shares borders with Slovakia, Poland and Austria. Today, almost 3.1 million people live in Moravia. The most important cities in Moravia are Brno, Ostrava and Olomouc.
Moravian-Silesia is a historical landscape in the northeast of the Czech Republic and, along with Bohemia and Moravia, one of the three historical landscapes that make up the territory of the present-day Czech state. The region is largely congruent with the former Habsburg crown land of Austrian Silesia (officially the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia), which remained to the Habsburg Monarchy after the three Silesian Wars (1740-1742, 1744-1745, 1756-1763), while the rest of Silesia fell to Brandenburg-Prussia. It thus belonged to the so-called lands of the Bohemian Crown until 1918. After the First World War and the disintegration of Austria-Hungary, most of the former crown land initially became part of the newly founded Czechoslovakia, with smaller areas falling to the Second Polish Republic, which was also newly founded.
Austria is a country in Central Europe populated by about 8.9 million people. The capital of the country is Vienna.
