Amore Studii. Out of love of learning In the Middle Ages, even though no formal education for females existed, we know that there were powerful and educated women.
Background Article Jewish Postcard Publishers and the Imagery of the Urban In numerous cities across eastern Europe, Jewish publishers enjoyed notable success in the newly established postcard market. This article presents a socio-historical background of this topic and asks whether their social positioning influenced the depictions of the urban world they chose to feature on their postcards.
Background Article Poland as a Colonial Power? Poland as an object of colonial policy has been much discussed in recent research on the 19th and 20th centuries. But was Poland itself a colonial power in former times? We examine this possibility using two case studies.
Background Article Ruthenia quasi est alter orbis "Rus' is almost another world" wrote the Krakow bishop Maciej around 1150. What was the basis of this differentiation? How powerful was it and how did it play out in reality? In search of answers, this article also discusses the dimensions and ambivalences of border demarcations.
