The Neumark (also New March) is a historical landscape and a former part of the Mark Brandenburg, from which the Electorate of Brandenburg developed as a predecessor of the Kingdom of Prussia already in the Middle Ages. Between 1815 and 1945, the Neumark was part of the Prussian province of Brandenburg. Nowadays, the Neumark is situated largely on the territory of Poland, mostly on the territory of the Polish voivodeships of Lubusz and West Pomerania and Wielkopolska. Important cities are and were for example Gorzów Wielkopolski (before 1945 Landsberg an der Warthe) or Choszczno in the northeast (before 1945 Arnswalde).
After 1945, the parts of the Prussian province of Brandenburg located east of the Oder River, which are now Polish, and hence also part of the Lubuskie region, were also referred to as East Brandenburg, but this does not correspond to any historical region or landscape. Nowadays, with reference to the former bishopric, the name Ziemia Lubuska or Lubuskie Land is usually used, even if not entirely accurate.
Pomerania is a region in northeastern Germany (Vorpommern) and northwestern Poland (Hinterpommern/Pomorze Tylne). The name is derived from the West Slavic 'by the sea' - 'po more/morze'. After the Thirty Years' War (Peace of Westphalia in 1648), Western Pomerania initially became Swedish, and Western Pomerania fell to Brandenburg, which was able to acquire further parts of Western Pomerania in 1720. It was not until 1815 that the entire region belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia as the Province of Pomerania. The province existed until the end of World War II, its capital was Szczecin (today Polish: Stettin).
Poland is located on the Baltic Sea and is the largest state (population in 2023: 37,636,508, area: 313,964 km²) in East Central Europe. The name of the state is derived from the West Slavic Polans, who brought more and more territories under their rule from the 9th century onwards, which were known as Duchy of Poland in the 10th century. Under Mieszko (ca. 960-992), the extent of the country reached approximately its current borders. He was at times subject to tribute to the German Emperor, at least for parts of his land. Poland probably adopted Christianity in 966 and from 1025 it was a kingdom. Between 1138 and 1295, the country was fragmented as a result of inheritance disputes. The extinction of the ruling Piast dynasty led to a Polish-Hungarian personal union in 1370, which was replaced by a Polish-Lithuanian dual monarchy as early as 1386 due to pressure from the Polish nobility. The growing role of the nobility resulted in an elective monarchy in 1572. However, the disunity of the nobility led to the three partitions of Poland (1772-1795) between Prussia, Russia and the Habsburg Monarchy. Poland only became independent after the end of the First World War in 1918 and lost its independence in 1939 after the German attack from the west at the beginning of the Second World War and the Russian invasion from the east. From 1945-1989 it was a satellite state of the Soviet Union. Poland has been a member of the European Union since 2004.
